Synthesis and Evaluation of Grafted Xanthan Gum as a Drug Carrier in Developing Lornoxicam Gel Formulations

Sandip Ashok Murtale; Prakash S Goudanavar; N Raghavendra Naveen; Walaa F Alsanie; Majid Alhomrani; Abdulhakeem S Alamri; Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq; Md Khalid Anwer; Nagaraja Sreeharsha; Mazen Al Gharsan; Santosh Fattepur

Articles

Abstract

Pharmacognosy Magazine,2022,18,80,911-918.

DOI:10.4103/pm.pm_161_22

Published:November 2022

Type:Original Article

Authors:

Author(s) affiliations:

Sandip Ashok Murtale¹, Prakash S Goudanavar¹, N Raghavendra Naveen¹, Walaa F Alsanie², Majid Alhomrani², Abdulhakeem S Alamri², Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq³, Md Khalid Anwer⁴, Nagaraja Sreeharsha⁵, Mazen Al Gharsan⁶, Santosh Fattepur⁷
¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, Karnataka, India
²Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
³Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
⁴Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
⁵Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
⁶Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
⁷School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract:

Background: In the medical and pharmaceutical fields, man has successfully used natural-origin things for millennia. Polymers obtained from plant sources have flashed much consideration in current eras owing to their various pharmaceutical properties, such as gelling agents in gels. Also incorporated in cosmo products, fabrics, dyes, and paper manufacture as binders, diluents, disintegrating agents, thickeners in oral fluids, protective colloids in suspensions, and bases in a suppository. Objectives: Natural polymers are chosen over semisynthetic and synthetic excipients due to their lack of toxicity, low cost, availability, soothing action, and nonirritant nature, as well as their ability to undergo a variety of chemical modifications. However, they have some drawbacks, including microbial contamination, lot to lot variation, reduced viscosity throughout storage, inappropriate mechanical properties, low storage, and an uninhibited rate of hydration. Current research work aims to chemically modify xanthan gum and study its impact on the formulation of topical gels. Materials and Methods: Chemical modification of xanthan gum is conceded by using a thiol-esterification reaction with thioglycolic acid (TGA) in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Microwave irradiated thiolated xanthan gum was also willing by further irradiation of thiolated xanthan gum by microwave using 750 W frequency. Topical drug delivery of lornoxicam release applications of thiolated and microwave irradiated xanthan gum are comparatively evaluated with pure xanthan gum polymer by formulating gel incorporated lornoxicam as a drug. Results: The physical properties of gel-like physical evaluation and viscosity results are within official limits. Formation of gel with idyllic properties. Determination of drug content, spreadability, and extrudability of modified xanthan gum was high compared with native xanthan gum. In vitro drug release study showed that prepared gel sustains the drug release for 24 h. Conclusion: Thiolation and irradiated xanthan gum sustain the release of lornoxicam over a prolonged period and might be a promising lornoxicam carrier in topical drug delivery to enhance antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory efficiency.