Antiprotozoal, antibacterial and antidiarrheal properties from the flowers of Chiranthodendron pentadactylon and isolated flavonoids

Fernando Calzada; Teresa Juárez; Normand García-Hernández; Miguel Valdés; Oscar Ávila; Lilian Yepez Mulia; Claudia Velázquez

Articles

Abstract

Pharmacognosy Magazine,2017,13,50,240-244.

DOI:10.4103/0973-1296.204564

Published:April 2017

Type:Original Article

Authors:

Author(s) affiliations:

Fernando Calzada¹, Teresa Juárez², Normand García-Hernández³, Miguel Valdes¹, Oscar Ávila¹, Lilian Yepez Mulia⁴, Claudia Velázquez⁵
¹Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades-2° piso CORCE Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc, Col. Doctores, CP, Cd. México, México
²Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, IMSS, Hospital General Regional No 1 Carlos Mcgregor Sánchez Navarro, Gabriel Mancera. Colonia Del Valle Centro. Delegación, Benito Juárez, Cd. México CP & FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Batalla 5 de mayo s/n. Colonia Ejército de Oriente. CP, Cd. México, México
³Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana UMAE Hospital de Pediatría. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS. CP, Cd. México, México
⁴Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría. Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc, Col. Doctores, CP, Cd. México, México
⁵Area Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Ex hacienda La Concepción S/N Carretera Pachuca Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México

Abstract:

Background: Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreat. (Sterculiaceae) is a Mexican plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of heart disease symptoms and infectious diarrhea. Objective: To evaluate in vitro antiprotozoal and antibacterial activities and in vivo antidiarrheal activity from the flowers of C. pentadactylon using the extract, fractions, and major isolated flavonoids. Materials and methods: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of C. pentadactylon (MECP) led to the isolation of five flavonoids, tiliroside, astragalin, isoquercitrin, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin. Antimicrobial activities were tested on two protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia) and nine bacterial enteropathogens (two Escherichia coli strains, two Shigella sonnei strains, two Shigella flexneri strains, two Salmonella sp. strains, and Vibrio cholerae) isolated from feces of children with acute diarrhea or dysentery and resistant to chloramphenicol. Also, antidiarrheal activity was tested on cholera toxin-induced diarrhea in male Balb-c mice. Results: Epicatechin was the most potent antiamoebic and antigiardial compound with IC₅₀ values of 1.9 μg/mL for E. histolytica and 1.6 μg/mL for G. lamblia; tiliroside showed moderate antiprotozoal activity against both protozoan. In contrast, in the antibacterial activity, tiliroside was the most potent compound on all microorganisms with minimum inhibitory concentration values less than 0.7 mg/mL. In the case of cholera toxin-induced diarrhea, epicatechin was the most potent flavonoid with IC₅₀ of 14.7 mg/kg. Conclusion: Epicatechin and tiliroside were the flavonoids responsible for antimicrobial andantidiarrheal activities of C. pentadactylon. Its antiprotozoal, antibacterial, and antidiarrheal properties are in good agreement with the traditional medicinal use of C. pentadactylon for the treatment of infectious diarrhea.