Response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of Euphorbia resinifera and Euphorbia officinarum Extracts with antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities

Oumaima Boutoub; Smail Aazza; Soukaina El-Guendouz; Lahsen El Ghadraoui; Maria G Miguel

Articles

Abstract

Pharmacognosy Magazine,2022,18,80,940-952.

DOI:10.4103/pm.pm_2_22

Published:November 2022

Type:Original Article

Authors:

Author(s) affiliations:

Oumaima Boutoub¹, Smail Aazza², Soukaina El-Guendouz³, Lahsen El Ghadraoui⁴, Maria G Miguel⁵
¹Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, BP 2202, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
²Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ANPMA) BP 159, Principal, Taounate, Morocco
³Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
⁴Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, BP 2202, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30 000, Morocco
⁵Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal

Abstract:

Background: Euphorbia is one of the plants most used by herbalists and therapists in Morocco. Objectives: The aerial part of two plant samples (Euphorbia resinifera and Euphorbia officinarum) collected in Morocco was examined for the solvent effect, extraction time, and plant concentration in order to determine the best extraction conditions. Materials and Methods: To achieve this goal, a response surface methodology (RSM) using a full three-level factorial design was used to optimize the conditions for the extraction of antioxidants and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Temperature, time, and plant-to-solvent ratio (PSR) and their linear and quadratic interactions on TPC (total phenol concentration), TFC (total flavonoid concentration), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) trapping activity, and α-glucosidase inhibiting activities were studied. Results: According to desirability functions, the optimum operating conditions to achieve a higher extraction yield of phenols and higher antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity were found by using extraction during 60 min at 30°C using a PSR of 20 mg/mL, whereas a longer extraction time (270 min) was needed for E. resinifera and a higher extraction temperature (50°C), with a lower PSR (10 mg/mL) for E. officinarum. Conclusion: In order to find the best conditions to extract secondary metabolites with biological activity and application in phytotherapy, the appropriate solvent generally used by populations, water in this case, should be used, but the best extraction conditions have to be found in order to enhance the pharmacological actions.