Degalactotigonin inhibits invasion and induce apoptosis by targeting TGF-β signalling in oral cancer cells

Articles

Abstract
Pharmacognosy Magazine,2022,18,80,1202-1210.
Published:November 2022
Type:Original Article
Authors:
Abstract:

Background: Overexpression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and its cancer regulators are the major phenomena in oral cancer. The study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of degalactotigonin (DGT), a steroidal glycoside from Solanum nigrum on oral cancer. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the anti-invasion and apoptotic induction effect of DGT in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells through inhibiting non-canonical TGF-β signalling. Materials and Methods: Human oral cancer KB (KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa) cells were chosen to study the anti-cancer activity of DGT in vitro experiments. The cytotoxic effect of DGT was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Cell growth, DNA damage, invasion inhibition and apoptosis activation were evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM), comet assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AO/EtBr staining. The DGT effect on protein expression levels related to invasion, apoptotic markers and its activation signalling pathways on KB cells were examined by western blotting. Results: We found that DGT antioxidant properties reduced cell viability, generates ROS, enhanced DNA damage, and MMP dissipation. Further, TGF-β inhibitions resulted in a reduction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), NF-κB and activation of JNK, p38 which increase ROS in a cancer cell that downregulates cyclin-D1, PCNA, MMP-2, MMP-9, Bcl-2 and increases Bax, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 protein expressions that simultaneously subdues the cancer developments. Conclusion: These findings suggest that DGT inhibiting TGF-β mediated ERK, NF-κB and activation of JNK, p38 caused tumour cell death via ROS stimulation and apoptosis.

PDF
Images
 The effect of DGT on the expression of the apoptotic protein. (a) Representative immunoblot analysis of Bcl-2
Keywords