Wound healing and antibacterial activities of 2-Pentadecanone in streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabetic rats

Background: Skin regeneration is critical in diabetic wound healing. Anti-inflammatory activity of 2-Pentadecanone (2-P), identified from Marantodes pumilum was reported in our previous studies. Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating 2-P wound healing and anti-bacterial activities. Materials and Methods: Fifteen streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic Sprague Dawley rats were divided into negative (N), positive (P), and 2-P treatment (2-P) groups. 2-P aqueous cream was applied daily to 5 mm excision wounds up to day 15. Wound closure rate was assessed by tracing the wound onto plastic sheets and were accessed using a stereoscope microscope. Antibacterial activity (minimal inhibition concentration and disc diffusion) was determined using the modified resazurin assay and Kirby-Bauer method. The skin samples were excised on days 2, 7, and 15 and were analyzed by Hematoxylin/Eosin staining. Semi-quantification analysis was done for re-epithelialization, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), and fibroblasts proliferation. Hydroxyproline (collagen deposition) and glutathione (antioxidant) activities were evaluated. Results: The results showed that 2-P possess antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. It demonstrated significantly higher wound closure compared with negative and positive groups. It showed a higher effect on epithelial cell migration (P < 0.05) and collagen deposition (P < 0.05) compared to negative control group. However, 2-P effect on fibroblast proliferation (P > 0.05) and reduction in PMNL cells (P > 0.05) was not significantly different compared with negative control. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 2-P reveals antibacterial activity, wound closure, collagen deposition, and fibroblast proliferation. Thus, we suggest that 2-P has the potency to be used as an active ingredient in the formulation of a diabetic wound healing cream.