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2010| July-September | Volume 6 | Issue 23
Online since
July 30, 2010
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of
Psidium guajava
L. leaves
AM Metwally, AA Omar, FM Harraz, SM El Sohafy
July-September 2010, 6(23):212-218
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66939
PMID
:20931082
Psidium guajava
L. leaves were subjected to extraction, fractionation and isolation of the flavonoidal compounds. Five flavonoidal compounds were isolated which are quercetin, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside. Quercetin-3-O-b-D-arabinopyranoside was isolated for the first time from the leaves. Fractions together with the isolates were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial studies showed good activities for the extracts and the isolated compounds.
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61
14,856
600
Total phenolic, anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacity of selected elderberry (
Sambucus canadensis
L.) accessions
Mustafa Ozgen, Joseph C Scheerens, R Neil Reese, Raymond A Miller
July-September 2010, 6(23):198-203
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66936
PMID
:20931079
Fourteen purple-black American elderberry accessions (
Sambucus canadens
is L.) obtained from various sites in midwestern USA and then grown at a single Ohio production site in USA were analyzed for their total phenolic (TP) and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) contents and for their antioxidant capacity by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging assays. Total phenolic and anthocyanin contents were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the pH differential methods, respectively. Overall, the phytonutrient contents and antioxidant capacity of our elderberry accessions were similar to those typically reported for black raspberries, blackberries and other dark-fleshed small fruits. Variability among accessions was greatest for TMA content (CV 37.5%); individuals ranged nearly threefold from 1308 to 4004 μg cy3-GE/g on a fresh weight basis. Variation among accessions was also evident for TP, FRAP and DPPH values (CV 14.4, 21.7 and 26.8%, respectively). TP and TMA values were very highly correlated (
r
= 0.93), although individuals differed in the estimated proportion of total phenolics attributable to anthocyanins. Both TP and TMA also highly correlated to antioxidant capacity values (
r
= 0.70-0.85). Within this limited study of 14 accessions, variability for phytonutrient content and antioxidant capacity suggested the employment of wild germplasm within an elderberry improvement program to incorporate an array of superior horticultural, post-harvest or processing traits into new or existing cultivars with superior phytonutrient profiles.
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54
11,253
575
Antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the essential oil and methanol extracts of
Eucalyptus largiflorens
and
Eucalyptus intertexta
Javad Safaei-Ghomi, Atefeh Abbasi Ahd
July-September 2010, 6(23):172-175
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66930
PMID
:20931074
This study was conducted to evaluate the
in vitro
antimicrobial properties of essential oil, its major component, 1,8-cineole, and extracts of two
Eucalyptus
species
, Eucalyptus intertexta
and
Eucalyptus largiflorens
. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was calculated by broth dilution method and the zone of inhibition was studied by agar disk diffusion method. Gentamicin (10 μg/disk) and rifampin (5 μg/disk) were used as reference controls for antibacterial studies and nystatin (100 μg/disk) for antifungal studies. The results of MIC study revealed that the essential oil has a stronger activity and broader spectrum than those of methanol extracts. It is interesting to point out that the oils had even greater potential of antimicrobial activities than those of 1,8-cineole as their main component.
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47
7,713
376
Correlation between antioxidant effect mechanisms and polyphenol content of
Rosa canina
Hasan Kilicgun, Dehen Altiner
July-September 2010, 6(23):238-241
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66943
PMID
:20931086
Rosa canina
L. is a member of Rosaceae family, which is well-known for its high phenolic contents. These compounds are known to possess antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects. However, they have yet to pass controlled clinical trials for efficacy, and their potential for prooxidant activity is an understudied field of research. In order to estimate the correlations between phenolic contents and antioxidant/proxidant effect mechanisms, different concentrations of
R. canina
fruit extracts were examined in this study.
R. canina
showed antioxidant activities at all concentrations with respect to the reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging (O2
·-
) activity assays, whereas a negative correlation was observed with the metal ion chelating activity and free radical scavenging activity [1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) % inhibition] assays at higher concentrations with the phenolic content of
R. canina
. These results suggest that
R. canina
may act not only as an antioxidant, but also as a prooxidant with the effects depending on its concentrations.
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41
12,037
336
A validated high performance liquid chromatography method for the analysis of thymol and carvacrol in
Thymus vulgaris
L. volatile oil
H Hajimehdipoor, M Shekarchi, M Khanavi, N Adib, M Amri
July-September 2010, 6(23):154-158
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66927
PMID
:20931071
Thymus vulgaris
L. (Lamiaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant that contains important compounds such as thymol and carvacrol and it has been used in many pharmaceutical dosage forms. Thymol and carvacrol in essential oils are often quantified by gas chromatography (GC) technique but in this work, a validated and reliable high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the analysis of these two components in
T. vulgaris
essential oil. The essential oil of the plant was analyzed by HPLC and GC techniques. The HPLC system consisted of ACE C
18
column and an isocratic acetonitrile:water (50:50) as the mobile phase which was kept at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity (
r
2
> 0.997 for both thymol and carvacrol), precision (intra-day 0.8-1.9, 1.7-2.6; and inter-day 3.5-4.5, 3.6-4.7) and recovery (97.7%, 97.6%) for thymol and carvacrol, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantization (LOQs) were calculated to be 2.8, 0.6 μg/ml and 8.6, 1.8 μg/ml for thymol and carvacrol, respectively. The GC system consisted of flame ionization detector (FID) and CP-SIL 8 column. The concentrations of thymol and carvacrol in essential oil obtained by HPLC (41.2%, 4.3%) and GC (40.7%, 4.2%) were compared by statistical methods and they showed good agreement.
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36
16,269
790
Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of
Pereskia grandifolia
Haw. (Cactaceae) extracts
KS Sim, AM Sri Nurestri, AW Norhanom
July-September 2010, 6(23):248-254
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66945
PMID
:20931088
The leaves of
Pereskia grandifolia
Haw. (Cactaceae), commonly known as "Jarum Tujuh Bilah" in Malaysia, have been traditionally used as natural remedy in folk medicine by the locals. In the present study, the antioxidant potential of
P. grandifolia
crude methanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) have been investigated, employing three different established testing systems, such as scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, reducing power assay and b-carotene method. The total phenolic content of the
P. grandifolia
extracts was also assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteau's method. The ethyl acetate extract showed significantly the highest total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging ability and antioxidant activity in b-carotene bleaching assay while the hexane extract possessed significantly strongest reducing power. The data obtained in these testing systems clearly establish the antioxidant potency of
P. grandifolia
. As such, this is the first report on the antioxidant activities of
P. grandifolia
.
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33
9,690
428
Protective effects of bioactive phytochemicals from
Mentha piperita
with multiple health potentials
Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi, Iraj Rasooli, Parviz Owlia, Massoud Taghizadeh, Shakiba Darvish Alipoor Astaneh
July-September 2010, 6(23):147-153
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66926
PMID
:20931070
Mentha piperita
essential oil was bactericidal in order of
E. coli
>
S. aureus
>
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
>
S. faecalis
>
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. The oil with total phenolics of 89.43 ± 0.58 μg GAE/mg had 63.82 ± 0.05% DPPH inhibition activity with an IC
50
= 3.9 μg/ml. Lipid peroxidation inhibition was comparable to BHT and BHA. A 127% hike was noted in serum ferric-reducing antioxidant power. There was 38.3% decrease in WBCs count, while platelet count showed increased levels of 214.12%. Significant decrease in uric acid level and cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios were recorded. The volatile oil displayed high cytotoxic action toward the human tumor cell line. The results of this study deserve attention with regard to antioxidative and possible anti-neoplastic chemotherapy that form a basis for future research. The essential oil of mint may be exploited as a natural source of bioactive phytopchemicals bearing antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials that could be supplemented for both nutritional purposes and preservation of foods.
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32
10,561
598
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from
Tamarindus indica
L. leaves
Julio Cesar Escalona-Arranz, Renato Péres-Roses, Imilci Urdaneta-Laffita, Miladis Isabel Camacho-Pozo, Jesús Rodríguez-Amado, Irina Licea-Jiménez
July-September 2010, 6(23):242-247
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66944
PMID
:20931087
Tamarindus indica
L. leaves are reported worldwide as antibacterial and antifungal agents; however, this observation is not completely accurate in the case of Cuba. In this article, decoctions from fresh and sun dried leaves, as well as fluid extracts prepared with 30 and 70% ethanol-water and the pure essential oil from tamarind leaves were microbiologically tested against
Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
,
Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomona aeruginosa
and
Candida albicans
. Aqueous and fluid extracts were previously characterized by spectrophotometric determination of their total phenols and flavonoids, while the essential oil was chemically evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Experimental data suggest phenols as active compounds against
B. subtilis
cultures, but not against other microorganisms. On the other hand, the essential oil exhibited a good antimicrobial spectrum when pure, but its relative low concentrations in common folk preparations do not allow for any good activity in these extracts.
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32
14,702
454
Cytotoxicity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of
Cucurbita pepo
and
Solanum nigrum
on HepG2 and CT26 cancer cell lines
M Shokrzadeh, M Azadbakht, N Ahangar, A Hashemi, SS Saeedi Saravi
July-September 2010, 6(23):176-179
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66931
PMID
:20931075
Plants are used worldwide for the treatment of diseases, and novel drugs continue to be developed through research from plants. There are more than 20,000 species of plants used in traditional medicines, and these are all potential reservoirs for new drugs.
Cucurbita pepo
has been used in traditional folk medicine to treat cold and alleviate ache. Previous pharmacological tests have shown that it possesses antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Also,
Solanum nigrum
has been used as a diuretic and an antipyretic agent and it has also been used to cure inflammation, edema, mastitis and hepatic cancer. In this investigation, cytotoxicity of specific concentrations of hydro-alcoholic extracts of
C. pepo
and
S. nigrum
was studied on normal [Chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO) and rat fibroblast] and cancer (HepG2 and CT26) cell lines. The cytotoxic effects and IC
50
of the extracts on the selected cell lines were studied followed by colonogenic assay method. The results showed that IC
50
of
S. nigrum
extract was significantly lower than that of the
C. pepo
extract on all four cell lines (
P
< 0.05). On the other hand, IC
50
of
S. nigrum
extract was significantly higher than the extract of
Taxus baccata
and Cisplatin, herbal and chemical control positive anticancer compounds, respectively, on all four cell lines (
P
< 0.05). As a result, it is concluded that the extract of
S. nigrum
has almost similar cytotoxicity to the extract of
T. baccata
on cancer cells.
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26
6,311
284
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of alantolactone and isoalantolactone from
Inula helenium
roots
Antoaneta Trendafilova, Christo Chanev, Milka Todorova
July-September 2010, 6(23):234-237
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66942
PMID
:20931085
This work deals with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of alantolactone and isoalantolactone from the roots of
Inula helenium
L., a well-known medicinal plant. The effects of ethanol concentration, extraction time, temperature and number of extraction steps on the extraction yields of both sesquiterpene lactones were investigated. Gas chromatographic (GC) method was used for simultaneous determination of their contents in the corresponding extracts. A comparison with classical extraction methods [maceration, infusion and micro steam distillation-extraction (MSDE)] showed that the amounts of alantolactone and isoalantolactone achieved by UAE with 70 and 96% EtOH for 30 min at room temperature were higher or almost equal to those obtained by maceration for 24 hours.
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25
5,948
192
Evaluation of the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ethylacetate fraction of
Artocarpus heterophyllus
(jak) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
S Chackrewarthy, MI Thabrew, M.K.B Weerasuriya, S Jayasekera
July-September 2010, 6(23):186-190
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66933
PMID
:20931077
Aqueous extracts of mature leaves of
Artocarpus heterophyllus
(jak) are used by traditional medical practitioners in Sri Lanka and India for the treatment of diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ethylacetate (EA) fraction of the mature leaves of
A. heterophyllus
in a streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model. In normoglycemic rats, administration of a single dose (20 mg/kg) of the EA fraction resulted in a significant (
P
< 0.05) reduction in the fasting blood glucose concentration and a significant improvement in glucose tolerance (
P
< 0.05), compared to the controls. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, chronic administration of the EA fraction of
A. heterophyllus
leaves daily for 5 weeks resulted in a significant lowering of serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels. Compared to control diabetic rats, the extract-treated rats had 39% less serum glucose, 23% lower serum total cholesterol and 40% lower serum TG levels and 11% higher body weight at the end of the fifth week. The percentage reductions in the serum parameters mediated by the test fraction were comparable with those produced by glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), the reference drug used in this study. It can be concluded that the EA fraction of
A. heterophyllus
leaves contains one or more hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic principles which have the potential to be developed further for the treatment of diabetes specifically associated with a hyperlipidemic state.
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22
5,918
239
Cissus quadrangularis
L. extract attenuates chronic ulcer by possible involvement of polyamines and proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Mallika Jainu, K Vijaimohan, K Kannan
July-September 2010, 6(23):225-233
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66941
PMID
:20931084
The present study was designed to investigate whether
Cissus quandrangularis
extract (CQE) had healing effects on gastric ulcer, through modulation of polyamines and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in rats. Administration of acetic acid (AA) was accompanied by reduced PCNA which was determined by immunohistochemical staining,
3
H-thymidine incorporation using liquid scintillation spectrometry, mitochondrial marker enzymes, polyamine contents and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-a) expression in gastric mucosa of rats. Administration of CQE after the application of AA to the stomach enhanced the reduction of ulcer area in a dose-dependent manner which was confirmed by histoarchitecture. Moreover, CQE significantly increased the
3
H-thymidine incorporation and the levels of polyamines such as putrescine, spermine and spermidine in ulcerated rats. In addition, the extract offers gastroprotection in the ulcerated area by increased expression of TGF-a and also reversed the changes in the gastric mucosa of ulcerated rats with significant elevation in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and PCNA levels. Based on these results, the healing effect of CQE on AA induced gastric mucosal injury in rats may be attributed to its growth promoting and cytoprotective actions, possibly involving an increase in tissue polyamine contents and cell proliferation.
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22
6,096
196
Antimicrobial activity of
Bauhinia tomentosa
and
Bauhinia vahlii
roots
Swarnalatha Dugasani, Madhu Katyayani Balijepalli, Satyanarayana Tandra, Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
July-September 2010, 6(23):204-207
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66937
PMID
:20931080
The hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts from
Bauhinia tomentosa
and
Bauhinia vahlii
roots were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (four strains), Gram-negative bacteria (three strains) and three fungi strains using microdilution methods, for the determination of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC). The MIC values of hexane extracts of
B. tomentosa
and
B. vahlii
roots were more than 250 μg/ml. The MIC values of ethylacetate and methanol extracts of
B. tomentosa
roots varied from 7.81 to 31.25 μg/ml and 31.25 to 62.50 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values of ethylacetate and methanol extracts of
B. vahlii
roots varied from 15.63 to 62.5 μg/ml and 62.5 to 250 μg/ml, respectively. MMC values obtained are two times greater than the corresponding MIC values. The activities of ethylacetate extracts are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and that of methanol extracts are attributed to the presence of tannins.
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13
6,745
0
Effect of
Phlomis persica
on glucose levels and hepatic enzymatic antioxidants in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Parisa Sarkhail, Mohammad Abdollahi, Sedigheh Fadayevatan, Abbas Shafiee, Azadeh Mohammadirad, Gholamreza Dehghan, Hadi Esmaily, Gholamreza Amin
July-September 2010, 6(23):219-224
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66940
PMID
:20931083
Methanol extract of the aerial parts of
Phlomis persica
Boiss. (Lamiaceae) (PPE) was studied to evaluate the effects of antidiabetic potential, by measuring fasting blood glucose, insulin, total antioxidant power (TAP), using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid peroxidation (using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Oral administration of PPE at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg once a day for 10 days resulted in a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and an increase in serum insulin levels, in comparison with diabetic control group. It also prevented diabetes-induced loss in body weight. Hepatic TAP increased and TBARS decreased following PPE treatments. The extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg increased the activity of hepatic SOD, CAT, and GPx in diabetic rats. It is concluded that PPE has antidiabetic potential that is comparable with glibenclamide. In conclusion, the results of the present study show positive effects of
P. persica
on experimental diabetes and thus the antidiabetic effect of PPE is related to its potential to inhibit hepatocellular oxidative stress.
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10
4,871
145
Production of podophyllotoxin in
Linum linearifolium
in vitro
cultures
I Ionkova, I Antonova, G Momekov, E Fuss
July-September 2010, 6(23):180-185
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66932
PMID
:20931076
For the first time, callus and suspension cultures of
Linum linearifoliu
m were initiated. Podophyllotoxin (PTOX), a strong antitumor precursor, was isolated from the calli and suspension, as a main lignan besides smaller amount of 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin (6MPTOX).
L. linearifolium
is now the third
Linum
species of section Syllinum, with PTOX as the main lignan. The amounts of lignans, especially PTOX, found in
L. linearifolium
cell cultures are quite high within the studied
Linum
species until now. The antiproliferative effects of extracts were tested in a panel of human tumor cell lines, using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide]-dye reduction assay. The lignan mixtures caused concentration-dependent inhibition of malignant cell proliferation and showed moderate cytotoxic activity. The results clearly demonstrate that the lignan mixture of
L. linearifolium
exerts inhibitory effects against malignant cells.
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[PubMed]
10
5,365
141
Toxicity evaluation of
Xanthorrhoea johnsonii
leaf methanolic extract using the
Artemia franciscana
bioassay
IE Cock, FR Kalt
July-September 2010, 6(23):166-171
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66929
PMID
:20931073
The toxicity of
Xanthorrhoea johnsonii
methanolic leaf extract was investigated using the
Artemia franciscana
nauplii bioassay. At 24 h, the extract produced an EC
50
of 361.0 ± 41.8 μg/ml, indicating that it was substantially more toxic than the pesticide Mevinphos (1346.2 ± 80.1 ΅g/ml) and approximately 4 fold less toxic than potassium dichromate (87.1 ± 5.2 μg/ml). Whilst potassium dichromate LC
50
values remained constant across the 72-h test period, these values decreased for the extract and Mevinphos to similar values (199.8 ± 60.5 and 114 ± 12.8 μg/ml, respectively), indicating their similar level of efficacy. Noteworthy was the apparent anesthetic effect of
X. johnsonii
leaf extract. Although the extract initially appeared to kill the
A. franciscana nauplii
, they were seen to temporarily recover by 48 h only to die by 72 h.
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[PubMed]
9
3,937
135
Preservation on calcium homeostasis is involved in mitochondrial protection of
Limonium sinense
against liver damage in mice
Xin-Hui Tang, Jin Chen, Xiao-Lan Yang, Li-Fang Yan, Jing Gao
July-September 2010, 6(23):191-197
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66935
PMID
:20931078
Mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial protection of
Limonium sinense
extracts (LSE) was studied in lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) intoxicated mice. It was found that increased activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase induced by LPS/D-GalN were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with LSE. The obvious disruption of membrane potential, intramitochondrial Ca
2+
overload and suppression in mitochondrial Ca
2+
-ATPase activity induced by LPS/D-GalN were significantly blocked by pretreatment with LSE. It was concluded that mechanisms underlying protection of LSE against liver mitochondria damage might be related to the preservation on mitochondrial Ca
2+
homeostasis through the preservation on mitochondrial Ca
2+
-ATPase activity.
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5
4,218
108
GUEST EDITORIAL
Pharmacognosy and technology
D.B.A Narayana
July-September 2010, 6(23):145-146
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66925
PMID
:20931069
[FULL TEXT]
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[PubMed]
4
3,944
439
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Screening of molluscicidal strain against
Oncomelania hupensis
from the rhizosphere of medicinal plant
Phytolacca acinosa
Roxb
Danzhao Guo, Jun Chen, Xiangping Du, Bangxing Han
July-September 2010, 6(23):159-165
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66928
PMID
:20931072
The research aimed to screen and exploit molluscicidal microorganisms against
Oncomelania hupensis
, from the rhizosphere of medicinal plant,
Phytolacca acinosa
Roxb
.
, and one strain named as SL-30 was obtained with excellent molluscicidal activity. The freeze-dried powder of exocellular broth (EXB) of SL-30 could kill 100% of snails at a concentration of 48 mg/l for a submerged period of 24 h, with stabile molluscicidal activity at a temperature lower than 60°C; furthermore, it could be gradually degraded after exposure to illumination for 15 days. The freeze-dried powder of SL-30's EXB was safe to fresh fish and shrimp, even at a concentration beyond LC
90
of 24-h exposure period. The glycogen and total protein content of soft tissues of snails decreased after treating with SL-30's EXB, and glycogen content's decreasing rate had a linear relationship with molluscicidal activity. Finally, phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequence showed that strain SL-30 had a higher similarity to
Aspergillus fumigatus
with bootstrap value 98%; accordingly, it was identified as a species of
Aspergillus
.
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[PubMed]
4
4,533
106
Essential oil constituents of
Illicium griffithii
and its antimicrobial activity
A Saraswathy, R Shakila, S Mercy Lavanya, A Arunmozhidevi
July-September 2010, 6(23):208-211
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.66938
PMID
:20931081
The essential oil of the fruit of
Illicium griffithii
Hook f. et Thoms. was extracted using Clevenger's apparatus. Forty-one compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). 4-Methyl-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole was characterized as the major constituent, followed by linalool amongst the volatile constituents. The essential oil was found to be effective against
Aspergillus niger
,
Penicillium
spp. and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and possessed considerable activity against
Staphylococcus aureus
and was inactive against
Klebsiella pnemoniae
,
Pseudomonas aureginosae
,
Proteus vulgari
s and
Escherichia coli
.
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