Home
|
About PM
|
Editorial board
|
Search
|
Ahead of print
|
Current Issue
|
Archives
|
Instructions
|
Subscribe
|
Advertise
|
Contact us
|
Login
Search Article
Advanced search
Users Online: 2209
Export selected to
Endnote
Reference Manager
Procite
Medlars Format
RefWorks Format
BibTex Format
Table of Contents
January 2016
Volume 12 | Issue 45 (Supplement)
Page Nos. 1-101
Online since Wednesday, February 10, 2016
Accessed 55,883 times.
PDF access policy
Journal allows immediate open access to content in HTML + PDF
EPub access policy
Full text in EPub is free except for the current issue. Access to the latest issue is reserved only for the paid subscribers.
View issue as eBook
Author Institution Mapping
Issue citations
Issue statistics
RSS
Show all abstracts
Show selected abstracts
Export selected to
Add to my list
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Identification and quantification of the major constituents in Egyptian carob extract by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
p. 1
Asmaa Ibrahim Owis, El-Motaz Bellah El-Naggar
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176108
PMID
:27041851
Background:
Carob -
Ceratonia siliqua
L., commonly known as St John's-bread or locust bean, family Fabaceae - is one of the most useful native Mediterranean trees. There is no data about the chromatography methods performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determining polyphenols in Egyptian carob pods.
Objective:
To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS
n
) methodology for the identification of the major constituents in Egyptian carob extract.
Materials and Methods:
HPLC with diode array detector and ESI-mass spectrometry (MS) was developed for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides, and aglycones in the methanolic extract of Egyptian
C. siliqua.
The MS and MS
n
data together with HPLC retention time of phenolic components allowed structural characterization of these compounds. Peak integration of ions in the MS scans had been used in the quantification technique.
Results:
A total of 36 compounds were tentatively identified. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the negative mode corresponding to 85.4% of plant dry weight, while ten compounds were identified in the positive mode representing 16.1% of plant dry weight, with the prevalence of flavonoids (75.4% of plant dry weight) predominantly represented by two methylapigenin-O-pentoside isomers (20.9 and 13.7% of plant dry weight).
Conclusion:
The identification of various compounds present in carob pods opens a new door to an increased understanding of the different health benefits brought about by the consumption of carob and its products.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (1) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Alteration in memory and electroencephalogram waves with sub-acute noise stress in albino rats and safeguarded by
Scoparia dulcis
p. 7
Sundareswaran Loganathan, Sheeladevi Rathinasamy
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176119
PMID
:27041862
Background:
Noise stress has different effects on memory and novelty and the link between them with an electroencephalogram (EEG) has not yet been reported.
Objective:
To find the effect of sub-acute noise stress on the memory and novelty along with EEG and neurotransmitter changes.
Materials and Methods:
Eight-arm maze (EAM) and Y-maze to analyze the memory and novelty by novel object test. Four groups of rats were used: Control, control treated with
Scoparia dulcis
extract, noise exposed, and noise exposed which received
Scoparia
extract.
Results:
The results showed no marked difference observed between control and control treated with
Scoparia
extract on EAM, Y-maze, novel object test, and EEG in both prefrontal and occipital region, however, noise stress exposed rats showed significant increase in the reference memory and working memory error in EAM and latency delay, triad errors in Y-maze, and prefrontal and occipital EEG frequency rate with the corresponding increase in plasma corticosterone and epinephrine, and significant reduction in the novelty test, and significant reduction in the novelty test, amplitude of prefrontal, occipital EEG, and acetylcholine.
Conclusion:
These noise stress induced changes in EAM, Y-maze, novel object test, and neurotransmitters were significantly prevented when treated with
Scoparia
extract and these changes may be due to the normalizing action of
Scoparia
extract on the brain, which altered due to noise stress.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (3) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Steroidal saponin diosgenin from
Dioscorea bulbifera
protects cardiac cells from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury through modulation of pro-survival and pro-death molecules
p. 14
Karuppiah Shanmugasundarapandian Jayachandran, A Hannah Rachel Vasanthi, Narasimman Gurusamy
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176114
PMID
:27041852
Background:
Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin from plants, exhibits many biological potentials. Herein, the cardioprotective role of diosgenin is studied.
Materials and Methods:
The effect of diosgenin, isolated from
Dioscorea bulbifera
, was studied on hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. The amount of diosgenin in the plant extract was analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography using a solvent system comprising of chloroform:methanol:acetic acid:formic acid (13:4.5:1.5:1). Cardioprotection was checked by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Further, the release of lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme released during cell death was checked. The proteins responsible for cell death (Bax) and cell survival (Bcl-2, hemeoxygenase-1 and Akt) were analyzed using Western blot to check the cardioprotective role of diosgenin.
Conclusion:
Supplementation of diosgenin mitigates HR injury, thereby exhibiting cardioprotective potential.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (2) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Molecular docking analysis of selected
Clinacanthus nutans
constituents as xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, human neutrophil elastase, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and squalene synthase inhibitors
p. 21
Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy, Azizul Isha, Lam Kok Wai, Intan Safinar Ismail
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176111
PMID
:27041853
Background:
Clinacanthus nutans
(Burm. f.) Lindau has gained popularity among Malaysians as a traditional plant for anti-inflammatory activity.
Objective:
This prompted us to carry out the present study on a selected 11 constituents of
C. nutans
which are clinacoside A–C, cycloclinacoside A1, shaftoside, vitexin, orientin, isovitexin, isoorientin, lupeol and
β
-sitosterol.
Materials and Methods:
Selected 11 constituents of
C. nutans
were evaluated on the docking behavior of xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), human neutrophil elastase (HNE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP 2 and 9), and squalene synthase (SQS) using Discovery Studio Version 3.1. Also, molecular physicochemical, bioactivity, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and toxicity prediction by computer assisted technology analyzes were also carried out.
Results:
The molecular physicochemical analysis revealed that four ligands, namely clinacoside A–C and cycloclinacoside A1 showed nil violations and complied with Lipinski's rule of five. As for the analysis of bioactivity, all the 11 selected constituents of
C. nutans
exhibited active score (>0) toward enzyme inhibitors descriptor. ADMET analysis showed that the ligands except orientin and isoorientin were predicted to have Cytochrome P
450
2D6 inhibition effect. Docking studies and binding free energy calculations revealed that clinacoside B exhibited the least binding energy for the target enzymes except for XO and SQS. Isovitexin and isoorientin showed the potentials in the docking and binding with all of the six targeted enzymes, whereas vitexin and orientin docked and bound with only NOS and HNE.
Conclusion:
This present study has paved a new insight in understanding these 11
C. nutans
ligands as potential inhibitors against XO, NOS, HNE, MMP 2, MMP 9, and SQS.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (4) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Potential antidepressant constituents of
Nigella sativa
seeds
p. 27
Ehab S Elkhayat, Mohammad S Alorainy, Ibrahim M El-Ashmawy, Shawkat Fat'hi
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176118
PMID
:27041854
Background:
Nigella sativa
Linn. is well known seed in the Middle East, Asia, and the Far East as a natural remedy for many ailments and as a flavoring agent proclaimed medicinal usage dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. An authentic saying of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) about black seed is also quoted in Al-Bukhari.
Objective:
This study was carried out to evaluate the antidepressant effect and isolate the potential antidepressant constituents of the polar extract of
N. sativa
seeds.
Materials and Methods:
The antidepressant effect was evaluated through the immobility duration in tail suspension and forced swim tests (FSTs). Albino mice were orally treated with
N. sativa
polar extract and its RP-18 column chromatography fractions (50 and 100 mg/kg,).
Results:
The polar extract and two of its sub-fractions were significantly able to decrease the immobility time of mice when subjected to both tail suspension and FSTs, the effects are comparable to standard drug (Sertraline, 5 mg/kg). However, these treatments did not affect the number of crossings and rearing in the open field test. Phytochemical investigation of the two active fractions led to the isolation of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside 1, quercetin-7-O-β-D-gluco- pyranoside 2, tauroside E 3, and sapindoside B as the potential antidepressant constituents.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (5) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Reverse phase-ultra flow liquid chromatography-diode array detector quantification of anticancerous and antidiabetic drug mangiferin from 11 species of
Swertia
from India
p. 32
Parthraj R Kshirsagar, Nikhil B Gaikwad, Subhasis Panda, Harsha V Hegde, Sandeep R Pai
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176105
PMID
:27041855
Background:
Genus
Swertia
is valued for its great medicinal potential, mainly
Swertia chirayita
(Roxb. ex Fleming) H. Karst. is used in traditional medicine for a wide range of diseases. Mangiferin one of xanthoids is referred with enormous pharmacological potentials.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to quantify and compare the anticancerous and antidiabetic drug mangiferin from 11
Swertia
species from India. The study also evaluates hierarchical relationships between the species based on mangiferin content using multivariate analysis.
Materials and Methods:
The reverse phase-ultra flow liquid chromatography-diode array detector analyses was performed and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Lichrospher 100, C18e (5 μm) column (250–4.6 mm). Mobile phase consisting of 0.2% triethylamine (pH-4 with O-phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (85:15) was used for separation with injection volume 20 μL and detection wave length at 257 nm.
Results:
Results indicated that concentration of mangiferin has been found to vary largely between
Swertia
species collected from different regions. Content of mangiferin was found to be highest in
Swertia minor
compared to other
Swertia
species studied herein from the Western Ghats and Himalayan region also. The same was also evident in the multivariate analysis, wherein
S. chirayita
,
S. minor
and
Swertia paniculata
made a separate clade.
Conclusion:
Conclusively, the work herein provides insights of mangiferin content from 11
Swertia
species of India and also presents their hierarchical relationships. To best of the knowledge this is the first report of higher content of mangiferin from any
Swertia
species.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (2) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Crispene A, B, C and D, four new clerodane type furanoid diterpenes from
Tinospora crispa
(L.)
p. 37
Farhad Hossen, Rubaida Ahasan, Mohammad Rashedul Haque, Bilkis Begum, Choudhury Mahmood Hasan
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176116
PMID
:27041856
Background:
Tinospora crispa
(L.) is used to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine. It is also used for hypertension and to treat malaria, remedy for diarrhea, and as vermifuge.
Materials
and
Methods:
Stems of
T. crispa
were collected, sun dried for several days followed by oven dried for 24 h at a considerably low temperature and then ground into coarse powder. The powdered stems were soaked in methanol at room temperature for 14 days with occasional shaking. The extract was collected by filtration, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator to obtain a solid residue which was then subjected to fractionation using the modified Kupchan partitioning method into
n
-hexane, CCl
4
, CHCl
3
and aqueous soluble fractions. The
n
-hexane soluble fraction was chromatographed over sephadex (LH-20) and the column was eluted with
n
-hexane: CH
2
Cl
2
:MeOH (2:5:1) followed by CH
2
Cl
2
:MeOH (9:1) and MeOH (100%) in order to increase the polarities. The column fractions were then concentrated and subjected to thin layer chromatography screening and the fractions with a satisfactory resolution of compounds were rechromatographed over silica gel to isolate the pure compounds.
Results:
Four new furanoid diterpenes of clerodane types, Crispene A, B, C, and D (1–4), including one known furanoid diterpene glucoside, borapetoside E (5), were isolated from the stems of
T. crispa
. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their spectral data with closely related compounds.
Conclusion:
We have reported four new furanoid diterpenes of clerodane types, including one known furanoid diterpene glucoside. This is the first report of any clerodane diterpene having olefinic bond between C-6 and C-7.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (1) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Essential oil from the resin of
Protium heptaphyllum:
Chemical composition, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and antimutagenicity
p. 42
Ewelyne Miranda de Lima, Didley Sâmia Paiva Cazelli, Fernanda Endringer Pinto, Renata Alves Mazuco, Ieda Carneiro Kalil, Dominik Lenz, Rodrigo Scherer, Tadeu Uggere de Andrade, Denise Coutinho Endringer
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176113
PMID
:27041857
Background:
Protium heptaphyllum
(Aubl.) March is popularly used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of
P. heptaphyllum
essential oil, its cytotoxicity in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), antimicrobial activity, and its antimutagenicity
in vivo
.
Materials and Methods:
The chemical composition of the essential oil collected in three 3 years was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Annexin V conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, caspase-3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) assays were performed to evaluate apoptosis and inflammatory events. The antimutagenic activity at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg was determined using a micronucleus test in murine bone marrow.
Results:
The essential oil showed a predominance of monoterpene compounds, being the terpinolene,
p
-cymene-8-ol, and
p
-cymene, present in the essential oil extracted in the 3 years. The essential oil showed a protection against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity, and the cytotoxicity index polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes ratio in animals treated with oil at all doses (1.34 ± 0.33; 1.15 ± 0.1; 1.11 ± 0.13) did not differ from the negative control animal (1.31 ± 0.33), but from the cyclophosphamide group (0.61 ± 0.12). Cytotoxicity, at a concentration of 40.0 μg/mL, and antimicrobial activity were not observed for the essential oil (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥0.5 mg/mL). The essential oil did not change the levels of caspase-3 in the TNF-α level.
Conclusion:
The essential oil showed antimutagenic activity due to its chemical composition.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (6) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
New isorhamnetin derivatives from
Salsola imbricata
Forssk. leaves with distinct anti-inflammatory activity
p. 47
Samir M Osman, Walaa A El Kashak, Michael Wink, Mohamed A El Raey
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176110
PMID
:27041858
Background:
Salsola imbricata
Forssk. is a shrub widely growing in Egypt, used as a camel food, traditionally, used as anti-inflammatory agent. Literature survey showed no report about the anti-inflammatory activity of
S. imbricata
.
Aim of the Study:
This work was designed to study the phenolic constituents and to provide evidence for the traditional use of
S. imbricata
as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Materials and Methods:
The
in vitro
anti-inflammatory activity of the total aqueous methanol extract and some isolated compounds were investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using nitric oxide assay. All chemical structures were identified on the basis of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimension nuclear magnetic resonance.
Results:
Nine phenolic compounds, among them two new natural products; isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronyl (1'''→4'') glucuronide (1) and its dimethyl ester; isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-di glucuronate dimethyl ester (2), two isorhamnetin glycosides: Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and isorhamnetin (5). In addition, an alkaloidal phenolic; trans N-feruloyl tyramine (6), three phenolic acids: Isovanillic acid (7), ferulic acid (8), and
p
-hydroxy benzoic acid (9) were isolated from salsola imbricata leaves. All compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant except compound (6). The extract and the tested compounds showed distintict anti-inflammatory activities with no toxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
Conclusion:
The extract and the tested compounds showed distintict anti-inflammatory activities with no toxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (5) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Cytotoxic properties and complete nuclear magnetic resonance assignment of isolated xanthones from the root of
Garcinia cowa
Roxb.
p. 52
Fatma Sri Wahyuni, Khozirah Shaari, Johnson Stanslas, Nordin HJ Lajis, Hamidi Dachriyanus
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176115
PMID
:27041859
Objective:
To isolate compounds from the roots of
Garcinia cowa
and to evaluated their cytotoxic activity against breast (MCF-7), prostate (DU-145), and lung (H-460) cell lines.
Materials and Methods:
The ground air-dried root was sequentially macerated with hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol. The DCM soluble extract was fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography, column chromatography, and radial chromatography over silica gel with hexane, EtOAc and methanol as eluent in progressively increasing polarity manner; to yield three compounds. Their structures were elucidated based on their spectroscopic data and their comparison with those of the literature. The cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was carried out against human cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. The extract was added at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/ml). The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the level of IC
50
that was based on the percentage of the cell death following the 24 h incubation with the extract.
Results:
Phytochemical study on the roots of
G. cowa
yielded rubraxanthone (3), cowanine (4) and 1,5-dihydroxyxanthone (5). Compound 4 with an IC
50
value of 4.1 ± 1.0 μM, 5.4 ± 2.3 μM and 11.3 ± 10.0 μM against MCF-7, H-460, and DU-145, respectively while compound 3 was found to be in active.
Conclusion:
The results indicate that
G. cowa
roots could be important sources of natural cytotoxic compounds.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (4) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
New synthetic pyrazine carboxamide derivatives as potential elicitors in production of secondary metabolite in
In vitro
cultures
p. 57
Lenka Tùmová, Jiří Tůma, Martin Doležal, Zuzana Dučaiová, Jan Kubeš
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176117
PMID
:27041860
Background:
Silymarin, an active polyphenolic fraction of
Silybum marianum
, and high flavonoid content of
Fagopyrum
possess various interesting biological activities. The substituted pyrazine-2-carboxamides were previously used as effective elicitors of studied secondary metabolites.
Objective:
To study the effect of new synthetic pyrazine carboxamide derivatives, N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-tert-butylpyrazine-2-carboxamide (1) and 3-(3-((trifluoromethyl) benzyl) amino) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (2), on flavonolignan and flavonoid production in
S. marianum
and
Fagopyrumes culentum in vitro
cultures.
Materials and Methods:
Callus and suspension cultures were cultured on MS medium containing α-naphtaleneacetic acid or 2,4-D. Three elicitor concentrations for different exposure times were tested. Dried and powdered samples of callus and suspension cultures were extracted with methanol and analyzed by DAD-HPLC.
Results:
Compound 1 showed as a good elicitor of taxifolin production. The effect on silymarin complex was less visible with a maximum between 24 and 48 h after 3.292 ×10
−4
mol/L concentration. The detailed analysis showed that silychristin was the most abundant. Compound 2 was effective in rutin production only in callus culture with maximum 24 h and 168 h after application of 3.3756 ×10
−3
mol/L concentration and 48 and 72 h after 3.3756 ×10
−4
mol/L concentration.
Conclusion:
From the results of the performed experiments, it can be concluded that compound 1 shows to be suitable elicitor for enhanced production of taxifolin and silychristin in
S. marianum
, mainly when 3.292 ×10
−4
mol/L concentration was used, and compound 2 is suitable for increase rutin production in callus cultures and less appropriate for suspension cultures of
F. esculentum
.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Naringin and rutin alleviates episodic memory deficits in two differentially challenged object recognition tasks
p. 63
Grandhi Venkata Ramalingayya, Madhavan Nampoothiri, Pawan G Nayak, Anoop Kishore, Rekha R Shenoy, Chamallamudi Mallikarjuna Rao, Krishnadas Nandakumar
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176104
PMID
:27041861
Background:
Cognitive decline or dementia is a debilitating problem of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, including special conditions like chemobrain. Dietary flavonoids proved to be efficacious in delaying the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Two such flavonoids, naringin (NAR) and rutin (RUT) were reported to have neuroprotective potential with beneficial effects on spatial and emotional memories in particular. However, the efficacy of these flavonoids is poorly understood on episodic memory, which comprises an important form of autobiographical memory.
Objective:
This study objective is to evaluate NAR and RUT to reverse time-delay-induced long-term and scopolamine-induced short-term episodic memory deficits in Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods:
We have evaluated both short-term and long-term episodic memory forms using novel object recognition task. Open field paradigm was used to assess locomotor activity for any confounding influence on memory assessment. Donepezil was used as positive control and was effective in both models at 1 mg/kg,
i.p.
Results:
Animals treated with NAR and RUT at 50 and 100 mg/kg,
p.o.
spent significantly more time exploring novel object compared to familiar one, whereas control animals spent almost equal time with both objects in choice trial. NAR and RUT dose-dependently increased recognition and discriminative indices in time-induced long-term as well as scopolamine-induced short-term episodic memory deficit models without interfering with the locomotor activity.
Conclusion:
We conclude that, NAR and RUT averted both short- and long-term episodic memory deficits in Wistar rats, which may be potential interventions for neurodegenerative diseases as well as chemobrain condition.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (10) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Hybrid analysis (barcode-high resolution melting) for authentication of Thai herbal products,
Andrographis paniculata
(Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees
p. 71
Maslin Osathanunkul, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Nuttaluck Khamyong, Danupol Pintakum, Santisuk Na Lamphun, Kanokporn Triwitayakorn, Kitisak Osathanunkul, Panagiotis Madesis
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176112
PMID
:27041863
Background:
Andrographis paniculata
Nees is a medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological properties. It has been used over many centuries as a household remedy.
A. paniculata
products sold on the markets are in processed forms so it is difficult to authenticate. Therefore buying the herbal products poses a high-risk of acquiring counterfeited, substituted and/or adulterated products. Due to these issues, a reliable method to authenticate products is needed.
Materials and Methods:
High resolution melting analysis coupled with DNA barcoding (Bar-HRM) was applied to detect adulteration in commercial herbal products. The
rbc
L barcode was selected to use in primers design for HRM analysis to produce standard melting profile of
A. paniculata
species. DNA of the tested commercial products was isolated and their melting profiles were then generated and compared with the standard
A. paniculata
.
Results:
The melting profiles of the
rbc
L amplicons of the three closely related herbal species (
A. paniculata
,
Acanthus ebracteatus
and
Rhinacanthus nasutus
) are clearly separated so that they can be distinguished by the developed method. The method was then used to authenticate commercial herbal products. HRM curves of all 10 samples tested are similar to
A. paniculata
which indicated that all tested products were contained the correct species as labeled.
Conclusion:
The method described in this study has been proved to be useful in aiding identification and/or authenticating
A. paniculata
. This Bar-HRM analysis has allowed us easily to determine the
A. paniculata
species in herbal products on the markets even they are in processed forms.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (2) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Protective mechanisms of thymoquinone on methotrexate-induced intestinal toxicity in rats
p. 76
Azza A El-Sheikh, Mohamed A Morsy, Azza H Hamouda
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176106
PMID
:27041864
Background:
Intestinal toxicity is a serious side effect in methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy.
Objective:
To investigate the mechanisms by which the anticancer drug MTX-induced intestinal damage could be prevented by thymoquinone (TQ), an active ingredient of Nigella sativa.
Materials and Methods:
TQ was given orally for 10 days, and MTX toxicity was induced at the end of day 3 of the experiment, with or without TQ pretreatment.
Results:
MTX caused intestinal damage, represented by distortion in normal intestinal histological structure, with significant oxidative stress, exhibited as decrease in reduced glutathione concentration and catalase activity, along with significant increase in malondialdehyde level compared to control group. MTX also caused nitrosative stress evident by increased intestinal nitric oxide (NO) level, with up-regulation of inducible NO synthase expression shown in immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, MTX caused inflammatory effects as evident by up-regulation of intestinal necrosis factor-kappa beta and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions, which were confirmed by increased intestinal tumor necrosis factor-alpha level via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, MTX caused apoptotic effect, as it up-regulated intestinal caspase 3 expression. Concomitant TQ significantly reversed the MTX-induced intestinal toxic effects by reversing intestinal microscopic damage, as well as significantly improving oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers tested compared to MTX alone.
Conclusion:
TQ may possess beneficial intestinal protective effects as an adjuvant co-drug against MTX intestinal toxicity during cancer chemotherapy. TQ protection is conferred via antioxidant, anti-nitrosative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (13) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Bioactivities of ethanolic extract and its fractions of
Cistus laurifolius
L. (Cistaceae) and
Salvia wiedemannii
Boiss. (Lamiaceae) species
p. 82
Osman Ustun, Berrin-Ozcelik , Turhan Baykal
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176125
PMID
:27041865
Background:
Cistus laurifolius
L. (Cistaceae) and
Salvia wiedemannii
Boiss. (Lamiaceae) have been used for treatment of some illnesses in Turkish folk medicine. In the present study, the ethanolic extract and its fractions obtained using re-extraction by hexane (Hx), chloroform (CHCl
3
), butanol, and remaining-water (
r
-H
2
O) of
C. laurifolius
were screened for their
in vitro
bioactivities.
Materials and Methods:
Activities were determined against both standard and the isolated strains of
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Proteus mirabilis
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis
, as well as yeasts such as
Candida albicans
and
Candida parapsilosis
by microdilution method. Also, antiviral activity of
C. laurifolius
and
S. wiedemannii
extracts were tested on
herpes simplex virus
-1 (HSV-1) and
parainfluenza
-3 (PI-3) using Madin-Darby bovine kidney and vero cell lines.
Results:
Tested extracts of
C. laurifolius
(minimum inhibitory concentration 32 μg/mL) exerted a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria of
E. coli, P. mirabilis
,
K. pneumoniae
, and
A. baumannii
.
Conclusion:
The Hx extract of
C. laurifolius
(cytopathogenic effect of 32–8 μg/mL) had antiviral activity on PI-3. Also, the
r
-H
2
O, CHCl
3
, and ethanol extracts (16–<0.25 μg/mL) of
S. wiedemannii
had significant antiviral activity on HSV-1, same as control.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (4) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial dysregulation in HeLa cells treated with dichloromethane extract of
Dillenia suffruticosa
p. 86
Wan Abd Ghani Wan Nor Hafiza, Latifah Saiful Yazan, Yin Sim Tor, Jhi Biau Foo, Nurdin Armania, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176107
PMID
:27041866
Ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extract of
Dillenia suffruticosa
(EADS and DCMDS, respectively) can be a potential anticancer agent. The effects of EADS and DCMDS on the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells and the expression of apoptotic-related proteins had been investigated
in vitro
. Cytotoxicity of the extracts toward the cells was determined by 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, the effects on cell cycle progression and the mode of cell death were analyzed by flow cytometry technique, while the effects on apoptotic-related genes and proteins were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Treatment with DCMDS inhibited (
P
< 0.05) proliferation and induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. The expression of cyclin B1 was downregulated that led to G
2
/M arrest in the cells after treatment with DCMDA. In summary, DCMDS induced apoptosis in HeLa cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathway and dysregulation of mitochondria. The data suggest the potential application of DCMDS in the treatment of cervical cancer.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[Citations (1) ]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Biological activities of
Croton palanostigma
Klotzsch
p. 96
Eduardo Ferreira Mota, Diele Magno Rosario, Andreza Socorro Silva Veiga, Davi Do Socorro Barros Brasil, Fernando Tobias Silveira, Maria Fâni Dolabela
DOI
:10.4103/0973-1296.176109
PMID
:27041867
Background:
Different species of
Croton
are used in traditional Amazonian medicine. Among the popular uses are treatment of bacterial diseases, poorly healing wounds and fevers.
Objective:
This study evaluated the antileishmanial, antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and diterpenes of Croton palanostigma Klotzsch (Euphorbiaceae).
Materials and Methods:
Leaves and bark were extracted with dichloromethane and methanol. The bark dichloromethane extract (BDE) was chromatographed on a column, obtaining cordatin and aparisthman. The extracts and diterpenes were assayed thought agar disk diffusion method and their bactericidal or fungicidal effects were evaluated by minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated after 24 and 72 h of exposition. The antileishmanial activity was performed on promastigotes forms of
Leishmania amazonensis
.
Results:
The bark methanol extract (BME) and cordatin were not active against any microbial strains tested; BDE and leaves methanol extract (LME) were positive for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and aparisthman was positive for
Candida albicans
. In the determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration, neither of them were active in the highest concentration tested. The extracts and diterpenes were inactive in
Plasmodium falciparum
, except the LME in 72 h. Any extract was shown to be active in promastigote forms of
L. amazonensis
.
Conclusion:
These results indicate that the BDE and LME did not inhibit the bacterial growth, then they probably had bacteriostatic effect. LME presented activity in
P. falciparum
.
[ABSTRACT]
[HTML Full text]
[PDF]
[Mobile Full text]
[EPub]
[PubMed]
[Sword Plugin for Repository]
Beta
Feedback
Subscribe
Next Issue
Previous Issue
Sitemap
|
What's New
|
Feedback
|
Disclaimer
|
Privacy Notice
© Pharmacognosy Magazine | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
Medknow
Online since 1
st
Jan 2005 | New site online since 1
st
Jan, 2010