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Synthesis and evaluation of grafted xanthan gum as a drug carrier in developing lornoxicam gel formulations
Sandip Ashok Murtale1, Prakash S Goudanavar1, N Raghavendra Naveen1, Walaa F Alsanie2, Majid Alhomrani2, Abdulhakeem S Alamri2, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq3, Md Khalid Anwer4, Nagaraja Sreeharsha5, Mazen Al Gharsan6, Santosh Fattepur7
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, Karnataka, India
2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif; Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Dariyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
3 Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4 Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
6 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
7 School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
Correspondence Address:
Nagaraja Sreeharsha,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa - 31982
Prakash S Goudanavar,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar, Karnataka - 571448
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_161_22
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Background: In the medical and pharmaceutical fields, man has successfully used natural-origin things for millennia. Polymers obtained from plant sources have flashed much consideration in current eras owing to their various pharmaceutical properties, such as gelling agents in gels. Also incorporated in cosmo products, fabrics, dyes, and paper manufacture as binders, diluents, disintegrating agents, thickeners in oral fluids, protective colloids in suspensions, and bases in a suppository. Objectives: Natural polymers are chosen over semisynthetic and synthetic excipients due to their lack of toxicity, low cost, availability, soothing action, and nonirritant nature, as well as their ability to undergo a variety of chemical modifications. However, they have some drawbacks, including microbial contamination, lot to lot variation, reduced viscosity throughout storage, inappropriate mechanical properties, low storage, and an uninhibited rate of hydration. Current research work aims to chemically modify xanthan gum and study its impact on the formulation of topical gels. Materials and Methods: Chemical modification of xanthan gum is conceded by using a thiol-esterification reaction with thioglycolic acid (TGA) in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Microwave irradiated thiolated xanthan gum was also willing by further irradiation of thiolated xanthan gum by microwave using 750 W frequency. Topical drug delivery of lornoxicam release applications of thiolated and microwave irradiated xanthan gum are comparatively evaluated with pure xanthan gum polymer by formulating gel incorporated lornoxicam as a drug. Results: The physical properties of gel-like physical evaluation and viscosity results are within official limits. Formation of gel with idyllic properties. Determination of drug content, spreadability, and extrudability of modified xanthan gum was high compared with native xanthan gum. In vitro drug release study showed that prepared gel sustains the drug release for 24 h. Conclusion: Thiolation and irradiated xanthan gum sustain the release of lornoxicam over a prolonged period and might be a promising lornoxicam carrier in topical drug delivery to enhance antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory efficiency.
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